Saturday 11 February 2012

Status of Shaikhain

 روى الكشي عن داوود بن النعمان قال : دخل الكميت على عبد الله
فأنشده :فقال الكميت :يا سيدي أسئلك عن مسئلة

ثم قال سل: فقال : أسئلك عن أبي بكر وعمر :فقال:يا كميت بن

زيد ما أهريق في الأسلام قطرة من دم ولا أكتسب مال من غير حله

ولا نكح فرج حرام إلا وذالك في أعناقهما إلى يوم يقوم مهدينا

ونحن معاشر بني هاشم نأمر كبارنا وصغارنا بسبهما والبراءة منهما

رواه الكشي في رجاله الجزء ٢ الصفحة
٤٦٤

Shaikh al Kashi reported from Dawud b. al Nu'man who said:Al Kumait entered upon Abdullah and implored: "O my master! I want to ask you regarding an issue." Imam (as) said: "Ask." Al Kumait said: "I want to ask regarding Abu Bakr and Umar." So Imam (as) said: "O Kumait b. Zaid! A drop of blood does not spill, wealth is not obtained in haram manner and neither does fornication happen but that it (the sin) is on their necks till our Mahdi (as) rises. And us community of Bani Hashim order our older ones and younger ones to insult/abuse them and to tabarra on them." (Rijal Kashi, Volume 2, Page 464)

عن زرارة ان الأمام الصادق فسر قوله تعالى من جاء بـ الحسنة فله
عشرة أمثالها ..قال: من ذكر أبا بكر وعمر فلعنهما كل غداة كتب

الله له سبعين حسنة ومحى عنه عشر سيأت ورفع له عشر درجات

رواه العياشي في تفسيره الجزء ١ الصفحة ٣٨٧

رواه الشيخ حسن بن سليمان الحلي في كتاب المحتضر الصفحة ٣٥

Zurarah reported that Imam al Sadiq (as) explained the verse (6:160) [Whoever brings a good deed shall have ten times the like thereof to his credit]: "Whoever mentions Abu Bakr and Umar, then sends la'nah on them every morning, Allah (swt) will write for him seventy hasanat (good deeds) and remove from him ten bad deeds and raise his rank by ten positions." (Tafsir Ayyashi by Shaikh al Ayyashi: Volume 1 Page 387, Mukhtasar al Basair by Shaikh Hasan b. Suleiman al Hilli: Page 35)

تقريب المعارف - أبو الصلاح الحلبي - الصفحة ٢٤٤

Taqribul Ma'arif by Shaikh Abu Salah al Halabi* (447 AD), Page 244
*Shaikh Abu Salah al Halabi was a foremost student of Sharif al Murtada and is one of the giant scholars. His monumental work, Al Kafi fi al Fiqh, is one of the major texts on Shia Imami Fiqh.
 
وعن أبي علي الخراساني، عن مولى لعلي بن الحسين عليهما السلام قال: كنت مع علي بن الحسين عليهما السلام في بعض خلواته، فقلت: إن لي عليك حقا، ألا تخبرني عن هذين الرجلين، عن أبي بكر وعمر؟ فقال: كافران، كافر من أحبهما

And from abi Ali al Khurasani, from a servant of Ali b. al Hussain (as) who said: I was with him (as) in some of his retreats, so I said: Indeed I have a right upon you, would you not inform me about the state of those two men, Abu Bakr and Umar? So he (as) said: "Both are kafirs (disbelievers), one who likes them is (also) a kafir."

وعن أبي حمزه الثمالي قال: قلت لعلي بن الحسين عليهما السلام وقد خلا: أخبرني عن هذين الرجلين؟ قال: ها أول من ظلمنا حقنا، وأخذا ميراثنا، وجلسا مجلسا كنا أحق به منهما، لا غفر الله فما ولا رحمهما، كافران، كافر من تولاها

And from abi Hamza al Thamali who said: I requested Ali b. al Hussain (as) while he was alone: " Please inform me about those two men." He (as) said: "They are the first ones who suppressed our right, snatched our inheritance, positioned themselves on a throne which we were more worthy of than them, may Allah (swt) not forgive them for all that and nor have mercy on them. They both are kafirs and one who loves them is also a kafir."

وعن حكيم بن جبير قال: قال علي بن الحسين عليهما السلام: أنتم تقتلون في عثمان من ستين سنة، فكيف لو تبرأتم من صنمي قريش

And from Hakim b. Jubair who said: Ali b. al Hussain (as) said: "You people are being killed for Uthman since sixty years, so what about if you did tabarrah from the idols of Quraish (Saname Quraish)? (i.e. imagine how worse the situation would then be)"

ورووا أن ابن بشير قال: قلت لأبي جعفر عليه السلام: إن الناس يزعمون أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله قال: اللهم أعز الإسلام بأبي جهل أو بعمر، فقال أبو جعفر عليه السلام: والله ما قال هذا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله قط، إنما أعز الله الدين بمحمد عليه الصلاة والسلام، ما كان الله ليعز الدين بشرار خلقه

And it has been reported that ibn Bashir said: I asked abi Ja'far (as): Indeed the people believe that the Prophet (pbuh) prayed "O Allah! Honor Islam through Abu Jahl or Umar (i.e. the Prophet prayed that may one them embrace Islam so that it would thus be strengthened)". So Abu Ja'far (as) replied: "By Allah! The Prophet (pbuh) never said this! Indeed Allah (swt) honored Islam through Muhammad (pbuh). Allah (swt) does not honor Islam through the most evil of His creation."

ورووا عن قدامة بن سعد الثقفي قال: سألت أبا جعفر عليه السلام عن أبي بكر وعمر؟ فقال: أدركت أهل بيتي وهم يصيبونهما

 And it is reported from Qudamah b. Sa'd al Taqfi who said: I asked aba Ja'far (as) about Abu Bakr and Umar. So Imam (as) said: "Observe my household, we severely criticize/blast them."

قال: سألت أبا جعفر عليه السلام عن أبي بكر وعمر؟ فقال كهيئة المنتهر: ما تريد من صنمي العرب، أنتم تقتلون على دم عثمان بن عفان، فكيف لو أظهرتهم البراءة منهما، إذا لما ناظروكم طرفة عين

(Narrator) said: I asked aba Ja'far (as) regarding Abu Bakr and Umar. So Imam (as) replied in exasperation: "What do you want from the idols of Quraish? You people are being killed over the blood of Uthman b. Affan, so what if you expressed tabarra on those two, if when they (their supporters) saw you for a blink of an eye."

وعن سلام بن سعيد المخزومي، عن أبي جعفر عليه السلام قال: ثلاثة لا يصعد عملهم إلى السماء ولا يقبل منهم عمل: من مات ولنا أهل البيت في قلبه بغض، ومن تولى عدونا وترك ولايتنا، ومن تولى أبا بكر وعمر

And from Salam b. Sa'eed al Makhzoomi, from abi Ja'far (as) who said: "The a'mal (deeds) of three people do not ascend to the skies and they are not accepted. (First) One who died while in his heart was hatred for us ahlul bayt, (second) one who loved our enemy and abandoned our wilayah, (third) and one who loved Abu Bakr and Umar."

وعن فضيل بن عثمان، عن أبي جعفر عليه السلام قال: مثل أبي بكر وشيعته مثل فرعون وشيعته، ومثل علي عليه السلام وشيعته مثل موسى عليه السلام وشيعته

And from Fudail b. Uthman, from abi Ja'far (as) who said: "The similitude of Abu Bakr and his followers is like the similitude of the Pharoah and his followers, and the similitude ofAli (as) and his followers is like the similitude of Musa (as) and his followers."

ورووا عن عبد الله بن سنان، عن جعفر بن محمد عليهما السلام قال، قال لي:
أبو بكر وعمر صنما قريش اللذان يعبدونهما

And it has been reported from Abdullah b. Sinan that Ja'far b. Muhammad (as) said to me: "Abu Bakr and Umar are the two idols of Quraish. They are the two whom they (non shias) worship."

ورووا عن إسماعيل بن يسار، عن غير واحد، عن جعفر بن محمد عليهما السلام قال: كان إذا ذكر عمر زناه، وإذا ذكر أبا جعفر أبا الدوانيق زناه، ولا يزني غيرها

And it has been reported from Ismail b. Yasar, from more than one person that when the mention of Umar was made, Ja'far b. Muhammad (as) attributed him to being a product of zina (fornication), and when Aba Ja'far Aba Dawaniq (the Abbasid Caliph) was mentioned, Imam (as) attributed him also to being product of zina, and he (as) did not attribute that to other than those two."


قال محمد باقر المجلسي في كتابه ( بحار الأنوار ) (٣٠ / ٣٩٩ ) أقول: الأخبار الدالة على كفر أبي بكر وعمر وأضرابهما وثواب لعنهم والبراءة منهم وما يتضمن بدعهم أكثر من أن يذكر في هذا المجلد أو في مجلدات شتى وفيما أوردنا كفاية لمن أراد الله هدايته إلى الصراط المستقيم

Muhammad Baqir Majlisi wrote in his book Biharul Anwar (Volume 30, Page 399): I  say: The ahadith evidence upon the kufr of Abu Bakr and Umar and their chastising, as well as the thawab (reward) for doing la'nah (damnation) upon them and dissociating from them and what is included in their bid'ahs (innovations), most of which has been mentioned in this volume or in other volumes. And what has been stated is sufficient for one to whom Allah (swt) wills to guide him to the straight path.

قال المجلسي ( جلاء العيون ص: ٤٥ ) لا مجال لعاقل أن يشك في كفر عمر فلعنة الله ورسوله عليه وعلى من اعتبره مسلماً وعلى من يكف عن لعنه

Baqir Majlisi wrote in Jila' al Uyoon (page 45): "It is impossible for a sane person to doubt the kufr of Umar, so la'nah (damnation) of Allah (swt) and His messenger (pbuh) upon him and upon anyone who considers him a Muslim and anyone who restrains from doing la'nah on him." 


قال الكركي ( نفحات اللاهوت في لعن الجبت والطاغوت ) ( ص ١٩٨ ) ، بعد أن أورد بعض الروايات في لعن الخلفاء وتكفيرهم: [ وهذا النحو في كتب أصحابنا مما لو تحرّى المتصدي لحصره جمع منه مجلدات ولم يأت على آخره، وقد أورد الأمين الضابط الثقة محمد بن يعقوب الكليني في كتابه " الكافي "من ذلك شيئاً كثيراً، وفيه أحاديث باللعن الصريح، والحث عليه من الأئمة

Muhaqqiq al Karki wrote in his book Nufhat al Ahwat (Page 198), after quoting some ahadith regarding kufr and damnation (la'nah) of the caliphs: "And it is similar in the books of our companions (i.e. ahadith about lan'ah and takfeer upon shaikhain), if someone stood to compile them into volumes it would be never ending, and Shaikh Kulaini has stated a lot of such ahadith in his book al Kafi and the Imams (as) had encouraged it."


الكافي للكليني (٣٢٩ هـ) الجزء ٨

 Al Kafi by Shaikh Kulaini (329 AH) (ra) Volume 8

قال الإمام موسى بن جعفر الكاظم (عليهما السلام) لمّا سُئل عن أبي بكر وعمر: «هما الكافران عليهما لعنة الله والملائكة والناس أجمعين. والله ما دخل قلب أحد منهما شيء من الإيمان. كانا خدّاعين مرتابين منافقين حتى توفتهما ملائكة العذاب إلى محل الخزي في دار المقام
صفحة ١٢٥

Imam Musa al Kadhim (as) replied when asked about Abu Bakr and Umar: "They were kuffar (disbelievers), upon them is la'nah (damnation) of Allah, the angels and all the people. By Allah! Nothing from eeman (true belief) entered the heart of any one of them both. They were cheats, distrustful and hypocrites till the angels of punishment took them to the place of humiliation in darul maqam." (Page 125)

340 - علي بن ابراهيم، عن أبيه، عن حنان بن سدير، ومحمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد عن محمد بن إسماعيل، عن حنان بن سدير، عن أبيه قال: سألت أبا جعفر (ع) عنهما فقال: يا أبا الفضل ما تسألني عنهما فوالله ما مات منا ميت قط إلا ساخطا عليهما وما منا اليوم إلا ساخطا عليهما يوصي بذلك البير منا الصغير، إنهما ظلمانا حقنا ومنعانا فيئنا وكانا أول من ركب أعناقنا وبثقا علينا بثقا في الاسلام لا يسكر ابدا حتى يقوم قائمنا أو يتكلم متكلمنا (5).
ثم قال: أما والله لو قد قام قائمنا وتكلم متكلمنا لابدى من امورهما ما كان يكتم ولكتم من امورهما ما كان يظهر والله ما أسست من بلية ولا قضية تجري علينا أهل البيت إلا هما أسسا أولها فعليمهما لعنة الله والملائكة والناس أجمعين
صفحة ٢٤٥

340- Ali b. Ibrahim, from his father, from Hannan b. Sudir and Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Ismail, from Hannan b. Sudir from his father who said: I asked aba Ja'far (as) about them both, so he (as) said: "O aba al Fadhal! Do not ask me about those two because by Allah none of us ever dies without being discontented with them, and till this day there is none among us but that he is discontented with them. The elder among us bequeaths this (i.e. about discontentment with those two) to the young ones. Verily they suppressed our right and prohibited us from it, and they were the first to mount our necks and transgress upon us, transgression in Islam will now never stop until our Qaim (Imam Mahdi) rises or our speaker speaks."

He (as) then said: "But by Allah! If our Qiam rose and our speaker spoke, their affairs which were hidden would be revealed and their issues/innovations which our apparent would be hidden (erased). By Allah! No affliction or trouble afflicts us ahlulbayt (as) but that those two are its root cause, so upon them be la'nah (damnation) of Allah, the angels and all the people." (Page 245)

343 - حنان عن أبيه، عن أبي جعفر (ع) قال: قلت له: ما كان ولد يعقوب أنبياء؟ قال: لا ولكنهم كانوا أسباط أولاد الانبياء ولم يكن يفارقوا الدنيا إلا سعداء تابوا وتذكروا ما صنعوا وإن الشيخين فارقا الدنيا ولم يتوبا ولم يتذكرا ما صنعا بأمير المؤمنين (ع) فعليهما لعنة الله والملائكة والناس أجمعين
صفحة ٢٤٦

343- Hannan from his father, from abi Ja'far (as), he (narrator) said: I said to him (as): "Were the children of Ya'qoob (as) prophets?" Imam (as) said: "No, but they were grandchildren of offspring of the prophets, and they did not depart from the world except happily (for) they repented and remembered what they had done whereas the shaikhain departed the world and did not repent and did not remember/reflect on what they did to commander of the faithful [Ali (as)], so on them is la'nah (damnation) of Allah (swt) and the angels and all the people." (Page 246)

Gradings

مرآة العقول في شرح أخبار آل الرسول للمجلسي 
 
Miratul uqool by Allama Majlisi (1111 AH)

 (الحديث الخامس و التسعون) [حديث أبي الحسن موسى عليه السلام‏]
رواه بثلاثة أسانيد في الأول ضعف، و الثاني حسن كالصحيح، و في الثالث ضعف أو جهالة، لكن مجموع الأسانيد لتقوي بعضها ببعض في قوة الصحيح، و رواه الصدوق بسند صحيح
ج‏25، ص: 295

Hadith no. 95 [Hadith of abi al Hasan Musa (as)]: It has been narrated by three chains of narration. The first chain is da'eef, the second is hasan (good) like sahih (authentic) and the third is da'eef (weak) or majhool (unknown), but the combination of the chains of narration due to the strengthening of some of them by some is sahih (authentic) in strength. And Shaikh Sadooq also narrated this hadith by a sahih (authentic) chain of narration.

Volume 25, Page 295

الحديث الأربعون و الثلاثمائة
  حسن أو موثق 
ج‏26 ,ص: 212

Hadith no. 340: Hasan or Muwathaq (Good or reliable)
Volume 26, Page 212

الحديث الثالث و الأربعون و الثلاثمائة
  حسن أو موثق 
ج‏26 ,ص: 215

Hadith no. 343: Hasan or Muwathaq (Good or reliable)
Volume 26, Page 215

بحار الأنوار - العلامة المجلسي - ج ٣٠ - الصفحة ١٤٥

Biharul Anwar by Majlisi, Volume 30, Page 145

٢٠] باب كفر الثلاثة ونفاقهم وفضائح أعمالهم وقبائح آثارهم وفضل التبري منهم ولعنهم

20- Section on the kufr of the three and their hypocrisy,scandals of their deeds and their disgusting legacy, and the benefit of doing tabarrah and la'nah on them.

١ - بصائر الدرجات : أحمد بن محمد، عن عمر بن عبد العزيز، عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن الثمالي، عن علي بن الحسين عليهما السلام، قال: قلت له:
أسألك عن فلان وفلان؟.
قال: فعليهما لعنة الله بلعناته كلها، ماتا - والله - كافرين مشركين بالله العظيم

1- Basair al Darajat by Shaikh Hasan al Saffar: Ahmad b. Muhammad, from Umar b. Abdul Aziz, from Muhammad b. al Fudail, from al Thamali who asked Ali b. al Hussain (as): "I ask you about Fulan and Fulan (so and so)." Imam (as) replied: "Upon them is la'nah of Allah (swt) with la'nah of everyone, they died, and by Allah they were Kafir and Mushriks."




16 comments:

  1. salam alaykum. brother second hadith is sahih?

    ReplyDelete
  2. @Velayet: Wa'laikum asslam,

    When speaking about sahih hadith it is important to be clear whether one's referring to the grading of the classical scholars or the latter scholars because both have different manhaj and define "sahih hadith" differently.

    So if you're following the modern usooli grading system, then this hadith is NOT sahih. Whereas if you're following the manhaj of the classical scholars then yes it is sahih because it has shawahid from reliable sources.

    Wassalam

    ReplyDelete
  3. أقول الأخبار الدالّة على كفر ]فلان و فلان[ و أضرابهما و ثواب لعنهم و البراءة منهم، و ما يتضمّن بدعهم أكثر من أن يذكر في هذا المجلد أو في مجلدات شتّى، و فيما أوردنا كفاية لمن أراد اللّه هدايته إلى الصراط المستقيم

    II Majlisi r.a, "Behar", 30/399
    http://www.4shared.com/file/125254191/7ecec44d/bihar31-35-html-word.html

    ReplyDelete
  4. Yes, our famous scholars such as Baqir Majlisi considered them kafirs.

    Wassalam

    ReplyDelete
  5. علي بن ابراهيم، عن أبيه، عن حنان بن سدير، ومحمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد عن محمد بن إسماعيل، عن حنان بن سدير، عن أبيه قال: سألت أبا جعفر (ع) عنهما (3) فقال: يا أبا الفضل ما تسألني عنهما فوالله ما مات منا ميت قط إلا ساخطا عليهما وما منا اليوم إلا ساخطا عليهما يوصي بذلك البير منا الصغير، إنهما ظلمانا حقنا ومنعانا فيئنا وكانا أول من ركب أعناقنا وبثقا علينا بثقا (4) في الاسلام لا يسكر ابدا حتى يقوم قائمنا أو يتكلم متكلمنا (5). ثم قال: أما والله لو قد قام قائمنا [أ] وتكلم متكلمنا لابدى من امورهما ما كان يكتم ولكتم من امورهما ما كان يظهر والله ما أسست من بلية ولا قضية تجري علينا أهل البيت إلا هما أسسا أولها فعليمهما لعنة الله والملائكة والناس أجمعين

    "al-Kafi", 8/245, hadith 340
    http://www.alhikmeh.com/arabic/mktba/hadith/alkafi08/07.htm#01

    ReplyDelete
  6. @Velayet: Salam,

    Thanks for the hadith, this hadith is authentic. Inshallah I'll soon translate this hadith (and others as well), and show their grading.

    Wassalam

    ReplyDelete
  7. va alaykum as-salam brother. yes, this hatith sahih.

    ReplyDelete
  8. This hadeeeth isn't SaHeeH. As Hanaan bin Sadeer's father, Sadeer bin Hukaym al-Sayrafee is either Da`eef or majhool.

    ReplyDelete
  9. @Nader: Assalamu alaikum,

    Thanks for the info brother.

    ReplyDelete
  10. Sadeer bin Hukaym al-Sayrafee is not daeef (weak) or majhool (unkown). Sayyed al-Khoei r.a said:

    وعده ابن شهر آشوب من خواص أصحاب الصادق عليه السلام
    he is amongst the special companions of imam al sadiq asws

    أنه ثقة من جهة شهادة علي بن ابراهيم في تفسيره بوثاقته
    he is thiqa due of testimony of shahadat of ali bin ibrahim in his tafsir

    Sayyed al-Khoei r.a, "Mujam", narrator 4992
    http://www.al-khoei.us/books/index.php?id=7400

    ReplyDelete
  11. If Abu Bakr was a kafir, why did Asma bint Umays remain married to him until his death?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. May be. For the same reason Prophet Noah (as) was married to his Kafir Wife

      Delete
  12. I'll answer later inshallah, very busy now, although I'm not even sure if the questioner actually even wants an answer or is just another hit and run aami (cuz the question is VERY tired, even a staunch but rational sunni wouldn't find it worth raising).

    Anyhow, I'll assume it's a genuine question and answer later when I'm free.

    Wassalam

    ReplyDelete
  13. For those still wondering about the Asma bint Umays issue, remember a few things:

    1. Us Shias follow the ahadith of the Imams. Unlike sunnis we don't follow women. We don't even follow Fatima let alone a non infallible such as Asma bint Umays, so what she did or did not do is completely irrelevant to us.

    2. In fiqh issues, we go by the dhahir (apparent). So just like eventhough there is ijma of the Imamiyya on the absolute kufr of Aisha, the Prophet still remained married to her as she conducted herself as a muslim in the dhahir, similarly the Asma bint Umays marriage to Bakr is perfectly valid fiqh wise as Bakr also conducted himself as a Muslim in the dhahir. That doesn't change the fact that he was a kafir throughout in reality, as evidenced by the multitude of ahadith of the Imams.

    3. Ultimately, her marriage to Bakr proved very useful to Imam Ali, as she was able to warn Imam Ali about Bakr's cowardly plan to have Imam Ali assassinated from behind (via the coward, the professional backstabber khalid b. walid) during prayers, which she had overheard while Bakr and Umar were hatching the plan. (details available here: http://realtashayyu.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/history-of-fadak.html)

    4. At the end of the day, in our sahih ahadith the Imams do NOT acknowledge Bakr as her husband. Don't get me wrong, this isn't to say she wasn't married to him, but the point is that the Imams never accorded any respect to Bakr as being her husband, and didn't even acknowledge his position. For example see this hadith:

    وروى الخصال عن الباقر (عليه السلام) رحم الله الأخوات من أهل الجنة: أسماء بنت عميس الخثعمية وكانت تحت جعفر بن أبي طالب

    From Shaikh Sadooq's al Khisal: Imam al Baqir (as) said: "May Allah have mercy on the sisters among the people of jannah: Asma bint Umays who was under (i.e. was the wife of) Ja'far b. abi Talib..........................." This hadith is graded sahih by Khoei, Ayt Asif Mohsini etc (http://www.alkhoei.com/arabic/pages/book.php?bcc=1287&itg=21&bi=141&s=ct)

    ^^^^No mention or acknowledgement of Bakr's position at all there. Similarly, regarding Muhammad b. Abi Bakr also are ahadith clearly say that he was conceived solely through Asma not via Bakr's sperm (not to be taken literally ofcourse, but meant to imply that Bakr had no significant position).

    I don't think there is much more to this non issue to be honest, unless someone has a disease of worshiping the shaikhain and wants to find excuses for them just for the sake of it.

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  14. Is this a blog created by a Shia?

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  15. S alaykom , thank you for those narrations. Have you seen the Islaah channel, who happily praise the two tyrants? Any articles written against them? Thank you

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